Prophets

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Adam

Peace be Upon Him

The first human and Prophet created by Allah. Adam was created from clay and placed in the Garden of Eden. He was commanded not to eat from the tree of knowledge, but he was deceived by Satan and ate from the tree. Adam repented and was forgiven by Allah.

Nuh

Peace be Upon Him

Nuh was a Prophet of Allah who warned his people about their idolatrous ways and called them to the worship of Allah alone. He built an ark and gathered believers and pairs of animals in it, and a great flood came and destroyed all of Nuh's disbelieving people. Nuh and his followers repopulated the Earth.

Ibrahim

Peace be Upon Him

Ibrahim was a Prophet of Allah who preached the message of monotheism and the worship of Allah alone. He was a close friend of Allah and was known for his unwavering faith and submission to Allah's will.

Musa

Peace be Upon Him

Musa was a Prophet of Allah who was known for his leadership and courage. He was the messenger who received the Torah from Allah and was sent to the Pharaoh of Egypt to free the Children of Israel from slavery.

Zakariya

Peace be Upon Him

Zakariya was a Prophet of Allah who was known for his devotion and his miracle of having a child in old age.

Yahya

Peace be Upon Him

Yahya was a Prophet of Allah who was sent to guide the Children of Israel to the path of righteousness. He was a cousin of Prophet Isa (Jesus) and is revered as one of the greatest Prophets in Islam.

Isa

Peace be Upon Him

Isa was a Prophet and Messenger of Allah who was born to the Virgin Mary. He was known for his miracles, including the ability to heal the sick and raise the dead.

Muhammad

Peace be Upon Him

Prophet Muhammad was the last and final Prophet of Allah, sent to guide humanity to the path of righteousness.

Caliphs

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Abu Bakr

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Abu Bakr, a close companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph, played a crucial role in compiling the Quran and consolidating the Muslim community after Muhammad's death in 632 CE, ensuring its stability and continuity.

Umar ibn al-Khattab

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph of Islam, contributed significantly to the expansion of the Islamic empire and implemented numerous administrative, social, and military reforms from 634 CE to 644 CE, fostering prosperity and growth.

Uthman ibn Affan

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph, ruled from 644 CE to 656 CE, and is best known for the compilation and standardization of the Quran. He also oversaw the expansion of the Islamic empire, although his rule ended in turmoil due to internal conflicts.

Ali ibn Abi Talib

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, was renowned for his exceptional wisdom and deep understanding of Islamic teachings. He ruled from 656 CE to 661 CE, and his caliphate was marked by various conflicts and civil wars. Despite the challenges, Ali's leadership had a lasting impact on Islamic history and scholarship.

Hussain ibn Ali

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Hussain ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, is revered for his steadfastness in upholding justice and Islamic principles. His martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE remains a pivotal moment in Islamic history, symbolizing the struggle against oppression and tyranny.

Umar bin Abdul Aziz

May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Umar bin Abdul Aziz, an Umayyad caliph, ruled from 717 CE to 720 CE and was known for his piety, justice, and commitment to Islamic values. He introduced several administrative and fiscal reforms that promoted social justice, earning him the title of the 'Fifth Righteous Caliph.'

Five Pillars of Islam

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Shahada

Declaration of Faith

Shahada is the Islamic profession of faith, expressing the two simple, fundamental beliefs that make one a Muslim: 'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.' This declaration affirms the unity of God and the central role of Muhammad in Islam.

Salah

Prayer

Salah is the obligatory Islamic prayer, performed five times each day by Muslims. It is a direct link between the worshipper and Allah, and it includes physical movements along with recitation of verses from the Quran. It is conducted facing the Kaaba in Mecca.

Zakat

Almsgiving

Zakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and an act of worship. It requires Muslims to pay a fixed portion of their income to community members in need. It is not just a charitable contribution, but also a religious duty to help achieve a just and equitable society.

Sawm

Fasting

Sawm, primarily observed during Ramadan, is the Islamic practice of fasting from dawn until sunset. It serves as a means of self-purification, self-discipline, and empathy for the less fortunate. During this period, Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and marital relations.

Hajj

Pilgrimage

Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is expected to make at least once in their lifetime if they are physically and financially able. It occurs annually during the Islamic month of Dhul Hijjah. The rites of Hajj include circling the Kaaba and visiting various holy sites.

Islamic Caliphates

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Rashidun Caliphate

632–661 CE

The Rashidun Caliphate was the first of the Islamic caliphates after the death of Prophet Muhammad. It was led by the Prophet's closest companions and relatives, known as the 'Rightly Guided' or Rashidun caliphs.

Umayyad Caliphate

661–750 CE

The Umayyad Caliphate followed the Rashidun Caliphate. It marked a shift from the Islamic capital in Medina to Damascus and was known for significant expansion, including into Europe.

Abbasid Caliphate

750–1258 CE

The Abbasid Caliphate is known for its golden age of learning and culture. It shifted the capital to Baghdad and saw significant developments in science, philosophy, and art.

Ottoman Caliphate

1517–1924 CE

The Ottoman Caliphate, part of the larger Ottoman Empire, was one of the longest-lasting and most influential Islamic caliphates. It was known for its military might, cultural richness, and architectural marvels.

Mughal Empire

1526–1857 CE

The Mughal Empire, though not a caliphate in the traditional sense, was a significant Islamic imperial power in the Indian subcontinent. It is renowned for its cultural and architectural contributions, including the Taj Mahal.